B
Breach of Duty
A failure by a healthcare provider or professional to meet the standard of care reasonably expected in their field.
C
Causation
The legal requirement to prove that the breach of duty directly caused or materially contributed to the injury or loss suffered.
Clinical Negligence
Also known as medical negligence — when substandard care from a healthcare professional causes injury or worsens an existing condition.
Compensation
Financial damages awarded to put the claimant, as far as possible, back in the position they would have been in had the negligence not occurred.
Conditional Fee Agreement
A "no win, no fee" arrangement where legal costs are only payable if the claim succeeds, subject to a success fee.
Conveyancing
The legal process of transferring property ownership from seller to buyer, including searches, contracts, and registration.
D
Duty of Care
The legal obligation owed by professionals to act with reasonable skill and care toward those they serve.
E
Expert Evidence
Independent specialist opinion used to establish whether care fell below acceptable standards and whether harm resulted.
F
False Imprisonment
The unlawful detention of a person without lawful authority — a common cause of action in police claims.
I
Informed Consent
A patient's agreement to treatment after being given clear information about risks, benefits, and alternatives.
L
Limitation Period
The time limit within which a legal claim must be brought — typically three years from the date of injury or knowledge in negligence cases.
Litigation
The process of resolving disputes through the court system, including preparation, exchange of evidence, and trial if necessary.
M
Mediation
A confidential, voluntary process where an independent mediator helps parties reach a negotiated settlement without going to court.
Misdiagnosis
An incorrect or delayed diagnosis that leads to inappropriate treatment, delayed treatment, or preventable harm.
P
Probate
The legal authority to administer a deceased person's estate, including validating the will and distributing assets.
Q
Quantum
The valuation of a claim — calculating the appropriate level of compensation for pain, suffering, and financial losses.
S
Settlement
An agreement between parties to resolve a claim for an agreed sum of compensation, avoiding the need for a court hearing.
Standard of Care
The level of competence and diligence that a reasonably skilled professional in the same field would provide.
U
Unlawful Arrest
An arrest made without reasonable grounds, potentially giving rise to a civil police claim for damages.